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<title>Cheimerius</title>

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Cheimerius

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Cheimerius

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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>

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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"> <a href="Data_deficient" title="Data deficient">Data Deficient</a>  (<a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Acanthuriformes" title="Acanthuriformes">Acanthuriformes</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Sparidae" title="Sparidae">Sparidae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td> <a href="James_Leonard_Brierley_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="James Leonard Brierley Smith">J. L. B. Smith</a>, 1938

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<td>Species:

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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species">C. nufar</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Cheimerius nufar <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Achille_Valenciennes" title="Achille Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a>, 1830)</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-CofF2-2">[2]</a>

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<ul class="taxonlist"><li>Dentex albus <a href="John_Gilchrist_(zoologist)" title="John Gilchrist (zoologist)">Gilchrist</a>, 1914

</li><li>Dentex miles Gilchrist & <a href="William_Wardlaw_Thompson" title="William Wardlaw Thompson">W. W. Thompson</a>, 1908

</li><li>Dentex fasciolatus Valenciennes, 1830

</li><li>Dentex nufar Valenciennes, 1830

</li><li>Dentex variabilis Valenciennes, 1830

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Cheimerius is a <a href="Monospecific_genus" class="mw-redirect" title="Monospecific genus">monospecific genus</a> of marine <a href="Ray-finned_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-finned fish">ray-finned fish</a> belonging to the <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="Sparidae" title="Sparidae">Sparidae</a>, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Cheimerius nufar, the santer seabream, santer or soldier, of the Indian Ocean.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div>

Cheimerius was first proposed as a genus in 1938 by the South African <a href="Ichthyologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyologist">ichthyologist</a> <a href="James_Leonard_Brierley_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="James Leonard Brierley Smith">James Leonard Brierley Smith</a>, Smith designated its only species, Dentex nufar, as its <a href="Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CofF-3">[3]</a> Dentex nufar was first formally <a href="Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> in 1830 by the French <a href="Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a> <a href="Achille_Valenciennes" title="Achille Valenciennes">Achille Valenciennes</a> with its <a href="Type_locality_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type locality (biology)">type locality</a> given as Egypt and <a href="Massawa" title="Massawa">Massawa</a>, Eritrea, on the <a href="Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CofF2-2">[2]</a> The genus Cheimerius is placed in the family Sparidae within the <a href="Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="Spariformes" title="Spariformes">Spariformes</a> by the 5th edition of <a href="Fishes_of_the_World" title="Fishes of the World">Fishes of the World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson5-4">[4]</a> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Denticinae,<a href="#cite_note-Parenti-5">[5]</a> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson5-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div>

Cheimerius suffixes cheima, which means "storm", with -ius, an adjectival suffix. IN South Africa this fish appears in estuaries prior to storms at sea, and in calm weather it is absent from these areas. Smith wrote that if this fish is “taken in nets, one may be certain of a storm at sea within twenty-four hours”. The <a href="Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> nufar is the name given to this fish by fishers at Massawa.<a href="#cite_note-ETYFish-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

Cheimerius have an oval shaped body, albeit slightly elongated, which has a <a href="Standard_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard length">standard length</a> which is between 2.2 and 2,5 times its depth. The <a href="Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a> is supported by 11 or 12 spines, with the first 2 spines being the shortest and the 3rd and 4th spines being the longest, and 10 or 11 soft rays. The <a href="Anal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal fin">anal fin</a> contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The first fin ray in the <a href="Pelvic_fin" title="Pelvic fin">pelvic fin</a> is elongated. The dorsal profile of the head is convex. The front of each jaw bear 4-6 canine-like teeth with bands of bristle-like teeth behind them but there are no molar-like teeth. The body is pinkish above and whitish below with six or seven indistinct, dark, vertical bars along the back on juveniles. These fade and disappear as the fish matures.<a href="#cite_note-WIOF-7">[7]</a> The santer bream has a maximum published <a href="Total_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Total length">total length</a> of 75 cm (30 in) but 30 cm (12 in) is more typical.<a href="#cite_note-Fishbase-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div>

Cheimerius is found in the Western Indian Ocean. It occurs along the coast of eastern Africa from the <a href="Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a> and <a href="Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> south to <a href="Mossel_Bay" title="Mossel Bay">Mossel Bay</a> in the <a href="Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a>, South Africa. It also occurs around Madagasccar, <a href="R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> and Mauritius, as well as in the <a href="Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a> and from Pakistan along the western coast of India to Sri Lanka.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> It is found over rocky substrates at depths between 60 and 100 m (200 and 330 ft) with juveniles seeking protection in estuaries at the approach of stormy weather.<a href="#cite_note-WIOF-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2></div>

Cheimerius adults occur in loose schools mainly above deeper, rather falt reefs while juveniles are found in shallow reefs and over sand adjacent to reefs at depths between 7 and 60 m (23 and 197 ft). The eggs and larvae of the santer seabream are distributed inshore of the Agulhas Current along the eastern coast of South Africa. The adults apparently do not travel on extensive migrations, although, they do seem to be nomadic, moving from one reef complex to another, but they have been recorded undertaking local migrations into shallow water at the approach of stormy weather or in the aftermath cold water upwellings. The main prey of this fish is other fishes and squid. The males have some ovarian tissue but this species is thought to be mainly <a href="Gonochoristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonochoristic">gonochoristic</a>, although there is some evidence for <a href="Protogyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Protogyny">protogyny</a>. Off Oman spawning was observed twice a year with the primary spawning season occurring in July to August and coinciding with the <a href="Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>, the secondary season running from May to June.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisheries_and_conservation">Fisheries and conservation</h2></div>

Cheimerius is an important target species for commercial fisheries wherever it occurs, and in some areas for recreational fisheries too.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> The larvae have been raised in aquaculture settings. The <a href="IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> classify this species as <a href="Data_deficient" title="Data deficient">Data deficient</a> because in some areas, such as Mozambique, there is evidence of <a href="Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> and there is insufficient data on its total population.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRussell,_B.Pollard,_D.Mann,_B.Q.Buxton,_C.D.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Russell, B.; Pollard, D.; Mann, B.Q.; et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/170221/1295833">"Cheimerius nufar"</a>. <a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2014: e.T170221A1295833. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170221A1295833.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170221A1295833.en</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CofF2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CofF2_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CofF2_2-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFEschmeyerFrickevan_der_Laan" class="citation web cs1"><a href="William_N._Eschmeyer" title="William N. Eschmeyer">Eschmeyer, William N.</a>; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Cheimerius">"Species in the genus Cheimerius"</a>. <a href="Catalog_of_Fishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog of Fishes">Catalog of Fishes</a>. <a href="California_Academy_of_Sciences" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-CofF-3"><a href="#cite_ref-CofF_3-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEschmeyerFrickevan_der_Laan" class="citation web cs1"><a href="William_N._Eschmeyer" title="William N. Eschmeyer">Eschmeyer, William N.</a>; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Sparidae">"Genera in the family Sparidae"</a>. <a href="Catalog_of_Fishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog of Fishes">Catalog of Fishes</a>. <a href="California_Academy_of_Sciences" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Nelson5-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson5_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson5_4-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFNelson,_J.S.Grande,_T.C.Wilson,_M.V.H.2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Joseph_S._Nelson" title="Joseph S. Nelson">Nelson, J.S.</a>; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: <a href="John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. 502–506. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119174844">10.1002/9781119174844</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-118-34233-6</bdi>. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2015037522">2015037522</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/951899884">951899884</a>. <a href="OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25909650M">25909650M</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Parenti-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Parenti_5-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFParenti,_P.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Parenti, P. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52">"An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae"</a>. FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-ETYFish-6"><a href="#cite_ref-ETYFish_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/">"Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE"</a>. The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etyfish.org/spariformes/">the original</a> on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-WIOF-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WIOF_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIOF_7-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFYukio_IwatsukiPhillip_C_Heemstra2022" class="citation book cs1">Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In <a href="Phil_Heemstra" title="Phil Heemstra">Phillip C Heemstra</a>; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and <a href="John_Ernest_Randall" title="John Ernest Randall">John E Randall</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf">Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean</a> (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-990951-32-9</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Fishbase-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Fishbase_8-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; <a href="Daniel_Pauly" title="Daniel Pauly">Pauly, Daniel</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Cheimerius&speciesname=nufar">"Cheimerius nufar"</a>. <a href="FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>. October 2023 version.</cite>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4512" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cheimerius</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1955303" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q1955303">Q1955303</a></li>

<li><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cheimerius" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Cheimerius">Cheimerius</a></li>

<li><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/51546">51546</a></li>

<li><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1099472">1099472</a></li>

<li><a href="Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43549711-3072-2BB0-90B0-BD469568849C">43549711-3072-2BB0-90B0-BD469568849C</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204465">204465</a></li>

<li><a href="ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/57AE1E2B-EDAD-4695-8B0D-B29BFC948F87">57AE1E2B-EDAD-4695-8B0D-B29BFC948F87</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cheimerius nufar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2704908" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q2704908">Q2704908</a></li>

<li><a href="FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.org/summary/444">444</a></li>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cheimerius&oldid=1267339034">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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